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Ancient Greeks were fascinated with what could be constructed only using a compass and a straightedge without markings. They were able to construct many things like bisecting an angle, but others like doubling the cube baffled them. Legend has it that ancient Athenians were told by the oracle at Delos that a plague would end if they could double the volume of the cube at the altar to Apollo with a compass and a straightedge. The ability to show that...
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It is known that Native Americans are more likely to develop diabetes when compared to Caucasians. What is not known is why. This study compares the differences in diet, and lifestyle between Native American and Caucasian students at Fort Lewis College in order to determine the variables responsible for the differences in prevalence of diabetes between the two races. BMI was used to match Native American subjects to Caucasian subjects. Subjects had...
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Football athletes have always been taught that the benchmark in speed for their sport is the 40 yard dash. Having a fast 40 yard dash can be the difference between a player getting drafted and never seeing the professional ranks. The purpose of this study was to document the effects of two different weight lifting plans on 40 yard dash times and compare them to each other to see if one program is better in enhancing performance than the other. ...
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TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is associated with insulin resistance, and may be the cellular instigator in the progression to Type II diabetes. Incidence of insulin resistance is higher in most Native American (NA) populations, but little is known about their cellular indicators. We examined TNF-α serum levels in NA college students who were matched by body mass index (BMI) to Caucasian (CA) peers. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and percent body...
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Disaster and the long term affects that societies experience are imperative to the understanding of how cultures operate and change. Disaster research can be analyzed using historical and contemporary examples. By adopting the work of Susanna M. Hoffman and using her five factor set of criteria, researchers on the ground and in academia can analyze how cultures will change due to (1) the magnitude of the disaster, (2) the amount of the population...
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The Allard stock is a mass of mostly alkaline felsic to intermediate intrusive rocks that were emplaced ~65 Ma during the formation of the La Mountain laccolithic complex. Formation of the Allard stock was accompanied by zones of mineralization that tend to be concentrated along northeast-trending fractures. Geologic surveys since the 1930s have documented the occurrence of copper mineralization within the stock along with economic concentrations...
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Spirituality in college-age students is a diverse and interesting aspect of life because most college students are just leaving their families, their parents' belief systems, and trying to define their own. The present study examines the relationships between spirituality, religiousness, guilt, and self-esteem. The first hypothesis proposes that there is more guilt found in people who are more religious and spiritual. The second hypothesis is that...
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Every year during athletic participation, athletes sustain a number of lower extremity injuries. Athletic trainers and other health care professionals use a series of lower extremity functional tests, including the Illinois Agility Test, to objectively determine if the athlete is ready to return to play. Unfortunately, the Illinois Agility Test only comes with generic written instructions to read aloud to the athlete, but no standard for test administration....
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The acquisition and use of biomass fuels for heating and cooking presents a ubiquitous problem for the majority of people on three continents. Inefficient cooking and heating practices (wood burns at 5-8% efficiency and cow dung at 3-5%) not only pollute the home but deplete biomass resources and require increasing amounts of time and energy for fuel acquisition. These factors challenge the sustainability of local and global environments as well...
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While video games have been studied with much negative scrutiny for years, they have actually been proven to have positive effects on patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. However, due to the nature of the studies it has been difficult to suggest why they are so helpful. To fully understand why it does help patients regain some cognitive functionality I am proposing a study that examines how exposure to 10 hours of game play a week for five...
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The May Day-Idaho mine is one of the oldest and most productive in the La Plata Mountains. Early mining on this property produced over 100,000 ounces of gold and 1,000,000 ounces of silver. Even though this mine has had a productive history the controls on precious-metal mineralization are poorly understood. In this investigation, field and analytical studies were used to develop an exploration model for precious-metal mineralization. Field...
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With contaminated water supplies being one of the world's greatest sources of preventable waterborne illnesses, this project's scope is focused on the construction, testing, and analysis of several piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) biosensors. The cantilevers will be constructed by attaching lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sheets to glass plates such that the glass acts as a vibrating attachment zone for pathogenic cells. The...
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The aim of the study was to evaluate changes that occurred over time in the composition of the riparian community at the Lone Dome Recreational Area, below McPhee Dam on the Dolores River, Colorado. This site has been sampled by the Fort Lewis College Field Ecology class starting in 1988 to 2007. Percent cover of woody riparian vegetation (14 species) was measured along a 540 m line-transect. The effects of the dam (built in 1984) were hypothesized:...
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The standard operating procedures (SOP) for the use of snow pickets were developed in maritime snow. The conditions created by continental snows differ greatly and require that the standards be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the SOP for the use of snow pickets as anchors and make recommendations for safer snow anchor systems that utilize snow pickets. We tested pickets in a variety of anchor systems according...
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The common AMPK-activating diabetes drug Metformin has received considerable attention from the research community as a potential apoptosis causing agent for certain breast, prostate, pancreatic and colon cancers. Upon Metformin's activation of the cell's chief energy sensing factor, AMPK, many downstream pathways elicit apoptosis-favoring responses. In this study the goal was to investigate the relative contribution of AMPK's inhibition of the inflammatory...
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Based on observations from seven measured stratigraphic sections and 230 thin sections over 37.3 kilometers, we recognize two sequences that encompass six parasquences and six distinct facies. The facies include bioturbated peloidal packstones, containing ostracods, rare occurrences of planar laminations, plane tabular cross bedding, microbial laminations and fine grain silt and sand. This facies is inferred to have been deposited in a semi-restricted...
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Sudden aspen decline (SAD) has become a recognizable issue among aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands on the Colorado Plateau and throughout the Western US, and Canada. Increasing temperatures coupled with drought in the early twenty-first century predisposed aspens to SAD and caused a loss of aspen overstory cover and inhibited aspen regeneration. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts global temperatures to continue to increase 0.2°C...
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Polycystic Ovary syndrome is a disorder associated with numerous clinical, endocrine and metabolic complications, such as menstrual dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. The relationship between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance is a highly studied aspect of PCOS, and, a current target for treatment. High levels of testosterone interfere with the insulin receptor and its substrates to compromise a cell's ability to translocate...
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In an endeavor to master Largo al Factotum from Il Barbiere di Siviglia by Gioachino Rossini, a post-capstone continuation of my voice instruction and technical development, I was faced with many challenges despite a vast amount of familiarity with this art form. Being an extroverted and even boisterous person with a booming voice and a tendency to overblow my sound, I found that I would quite frequently hurt my vocal cords resulting in over-exhaustion,...
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We will discuss numerical ranges of matrices, primarily focusing on the shapes they can take. We will present an in depth proof of the Elliptical Range Theorem, the Toeplitz-Hausdorff Theorem and several others. We are particularly interested in normal and almost normal matrices. Much of our research came from papers written by Rudolf Kippenhahn, Chi-Kwong Li, Karl Gustafson, Tyler Moran and Ilya Spikovsky.
